The Vilna Gaon’s Math – Facts & Fiction

The Vilna Gaon’s Theorem – Fact or Urban Legend?

In the Yeshiva world some people like to attribute the Vilna Gaon’s mathematical expertise (from his publication of a Trigonometry book Ayil Meshulash) and giving him credit to Cramer’s Theorem (his grandfather’s last name was Kremer, hence the derivative). I would like to debunk the bunk.

Firstly, while the Vilna Gaon wrote emendations and corrections on the Talmud based on Mathemics and likely was well-versed, the Ayil Meshulash book was a basic “intro” book to Trigonometry. Most high-school textbooks today cover much more (thanks, Reb Micha Berger) – see here.

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From My Western Wall, here.

Just Some Ho-Hum Stories of Negro Slave Owners…

Slave Stories History ‘Forgot.’ Black People Owned Slaves Too

Say WHAT?

Justus Angel and Mistress L. Horry were wealthy landowners in South Carolina’s Colleton District in the 1830s, in what is now Charleston County. The couple owned 84 slaves each for a total of 168, at a time when most of their peers owned a handful. Their slaves worked their plantation and made them rich. Angel and Horry also traded slaves for profit, showing no regard for dissolving slave families. They were no kinder or crueler to their slaves than anyone else. They were considered “slave magnates” because of the number of slaves they owned. They were referred to as the “economic elite.” They were also black.

Black people owned black people in all 13 original colonies and in every state that allowed slavery. Frequently, freed black people would go on to own more slaves than their white neighbors. In 1830, nearly a fourth of the free black slave masters in South Carolina owned 10 or more slaves, and several owned more than 30, far surpassing their white slave-owning neighbors.

Yes, black people, frequently former slaves themselves, owned slaves. While it can be said that many black people owned family members to protect them and keep them close, black slave owners also bought and sold slaves for profit. Renowned African-American historian and Duke University Professor, John Hope Franklin, wrote “The majority of Negro owners of slaves had some personal interest in their property. There were instances, however, in which free Negroes had a real economic interest in the institution of slavery and held slaves in order to improve their economic status.” Franklin also wrote that roughly 3,000  free black people in New Orleans alone owned slaves.

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From PJ Media, here.

Bil’am Archeology: The Deir Alla Inscription

Archaeological Testimony of Balaam ben Beor’s Inscription in Jordan

The inscription contains details about Balaam that are very close in content and terminology to the Biblical story

Rabbi Zamir Cohen | 17.07.19 | 16:14
After their long journey in the desert, the people of Israel arrived at the east side of the Jordan River, near the Dead Sea, where the Biblical nation of Moab was located. The Book of Numbers tells the story of Balaam ben Beor, the non-Jewish prophet from the city of Pethor. Balaam was hired by Balak, king of Moab, to curse the Jewish people who were approaching his land, since Balak was fearful that after they had smitten the Amorites, they would go on to conquer Moab:
The children of Israel journeyed and encamped on the plains of Moab, across the Jordan from Jericho… Balak the son of Tzippor was king of Moab at that time. He sent messengers to Balaam the son of Beor… to call for him, saying, “Please come and curse this people for me, for they are too powerful for me. Perhaps I will be able to wage war against them and drive them out of the land, for I know that whomever you bless is blessed and whomever you curse is cursed.”) Numbers  22:1-6(
The Bible describes Balaam’s unsuccessful attempts to curse Israel, which turned into blessings and glowing praises of the Jewish people. Ultimately, Balak became incensed with Balaam and drove him away in disgrace.
In 1967, archaeologists discovered in Transjordan, not far from the mountains of Moab, an ancient inscription they called “Balaam’s inscription.” Balaam’s name appears in it, and the contents are highly reminiscent of the story told in the Bible about Balaam.
The inscription was discovered when archaeologists from the Netherlands conducted excavations in Tel Deir ‘Alla in Transjordan. In a sanctuary dating from the eighth century B.C.E. that they exposed there, they found fragments of ancient inscriptions written on plaster in red and black ink.
After decryption, the researchers were surprised to discover that the inscriptions describe a prophet called “Balaam bar Ber” (in Aramaic: ben Beor) “a man who can envision God,” who sees in his prophecy that which will occur at the end of days. This inscription is today in a museum in Rabbat Amman, and is dated to 760-880 B.C.E.
Balaam’s inscription
The inscription contains details about Balaam that are very close in content and terminology to the Biblical story:
The inscription tells of Balaam’s agony: “And for two days he fasted, and wept bitterly… Then his intimates entered and asked, ‘Why do you fast, and why do you weep?’” This description matches what the Bible tells us of Balaam’s inner turmoil when he initially received an order from God to refrain from joining Balak’s emissaries. Balaam felt great anguish over it because he longed to fulfill the evil mission that Balak wanted him to undertake.
Here we have unique archaeological testimony about the figure of Balaam who appears in the Bible. The details that appear in it, including the geographical location and the historical period, closely approximate the Biblical account of what happened in the mountains of Moab, opposite the approaching camp of the Israelites.
Adapted from ‘Hidden Treasures – Archaeology Discovers the Hebrew Bible’ by Rabbi Zamir Cohen. Click here to buy
Reprinted from Hidabroot.

Central Banking: One Part Robbing Savers, Two Parts Propaganda

Good news, everyone, the inflation that Americans are witnessing daily is temporary. That is, at least, what our enlightened technocrats at the Federal Reserve are desperately trying to convince the rest of the world of. The latest reassurance that there is nothing to be concerned about comes from Atlanta Federal Reserve Bank president Raphael Bostic, who claimed Wednesday that “much of the data recently has come in stronger than I expected.”

As Reuters reports, Mr. Bostic told reporters:

“GDP is on a strong trajectory. Inflation is higher and has been well above our target,” with the economy growing at 7% and inflation at 3.4% compared to the Fed’s 2% target.

Oh, he also noted that inflation is likely to last longer than he had originally thought. As he explained in an interview with NPR:

Now the one thing you said, which is something that we are looking at, is that when I talk to businesses, they are saying that it’s going to be temporary. Still, temporary is going to be a little longer than we had expected initially. So rather than it being a two- to three-month, it may be a six- to nine-month factor. And this is something that we’re going to have to pay attention to see if that changes how people approach the economy.

Going even further than Mr. Bostic is his colleague from Dallas, Robert Kaplan, who thinks that the economy is performing so well that the Fed may even need to consider soon “doing some things to take our foot gently off the accelerator sooner rather than later.”

The meaninglessness of these words should be obvious to anyone who has followed the Fed the last decade. Of course, the Fed does not have a monopoly on meaningless words emerging from the mouths of our technocratic class—what may concern Americans is the degree to which the Fed is counting on this PR campaign as a vital tool to prevent the financial crisis 2020 has created.

After all, along with the explicit tools with which it conducts monetary policy—such as open market operations, the discount rate, and reserve requirements—one the Fed takes just as seriously is its communication strategy. Since the 2000s, the Fed has actively viewed “forward guidance” as a tool that can allow it to alter economic behavior. As the Federal Reserve’s website explains:

When central banks provide forward guidance about the future course of monetary policy, individuals and businesses will use this information in making decisions about spending and investments. Thus, forward guidance about future policy can influence financial and economic conditions today.

To those ends, the Fed has created various communication tools—such as its dot plot—to illustrate the various forecasts for future economic performance from a variety of Federal Reserve governors and regional bank presidents. While the central bank sold this as an act of “transparency,” it is better understood as deliberate propaganda. In an age where an army of bots move markets based on financial Twitter, every future projection shared by a Fed official instantly has an immediate impact on economic behavior in the real world.

As such, the goal of public comments from Federal Reserve officials is always to convince the public that there is nothing to fear—the experts have things covered. Inflation is temporary. Growth is coming. All is well—no matter the economic struggles you yourself may be feeling. To do otherwise would may itself spark the very sort of crisis that the Fed fears.

This does not necessarily mean that either Mr. Bostic or Mr. Kaplan are cynical in their public statements. It is quite possible that both men sincerely believe their rose-colored forecasts and believe that America’s central bank is well positioned to steer the economy out of choppy waters. After all, government propaganda is most effective when it comes out of the mouths of those who truly believe it.

Unfortunately, the Fed’s biggest problem has been getting results to match their optimism.

Since 2010, the Fed has habitually overestimated future economic growth. Even more concerning, the Federal Reserve has repeatedly failed to follow policy timeframes it has set for itself in the past to reverse previous emergency policies.

As Jeff Deist noted in 2016:

Fed critics, again mostly Austrians, have argued since 2008 that “normal” monetary policy would never return, that QE would never be unwound and that artificially low (or even negative) interest rates were here to stay. In other words, that the Fed and its 300 Ivy League economists don’t know what to do other than kick the can down the road another few months while hoping for a miraculous economic recovery.

Fast forward to today, and the recovery hasn’t materialized. And Fed officials, current and former, are singing a different tune about ever restoring the balance sheet to pre-2008 levels.

The closest the Fed has come since was a slight bump in interest rates—still historically low—at the peak of the economic performance of the Trump administration, which provided policy relief in the form of regulatory and tax cuts. Even then, however, Jerome Powell’s modest attempts to leverage this meaningful economic growth to unwind the Fed’s intervention had to be reversed in early 2019 due to the adverse reaction in financial markets.

So, again, even prior to global economic shutdowns that massively disrupted supply chains, eviscerated small businesses, and put millions out of work, the Fed was lying through their teeth about the tools at their disposal to appropriately handle economic distress.

The question then is, what happens if we face an economic crisis at a time when the Fed is out of ammo for its current arsenal of policy tools?

Well, we can count on them giving themselves even more power—which has always been the primary justification for trying to replace cash with central bank digital currency (and why we should expect escalation from central banks against private cryptocurrencies.)

We can also be assured that they will promise they know exactly what they are doing.

From Mises.org, here.

נירנברגר, רגנשבורגר, אוישברנגר, ובלויזר – ביאור שיטת הפלפול של ר’ יעקב פולק

שיטת הפלפול והחילוק – תורתו של ‘המאור הגדול’ רבי יעקב פולק זצ”ל, ‘אשר כל גדולי הארץ הזאת הם תלמידיו’

Jun 4, 2021

נירנברגר, רגנשבורגר, אוישברנגר, בלויזר…
קצת על שיטתו הנפלאה של אבי עולם התורה בארץ פולין וגלילותיה.
לכבוד יומא דהילולא של רבי יעקב ב”ר יוסף פולק זי”ע, כ”ג סיון.

רוצה לקבל בהירות בתחומים נוספים בחיים?
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היכנס לאתר ותקבל בהירות: http://ravblau.com

For more lessons and lectures by Rabbi David Moshe Blau, go to: http://ravblau.com

מאתר יוטיוב, כאן.