The CORRECT Way to Play Dreidel

The Terrible Truth About Dreidel

From time to time, a journalist may face a soul-shattering dilemma. A scoop so shocking it cannot be withheld, yet so terrible it cannot be told.

And what goes for journalists, goes double for stick-figure cartooning math teachers. Thus, as one who loves truth even at its ugliest, I choose to divulge a fact sure to rattle your faith in humanity itself:

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The game of dreidel is built on a lie.

Dreidel, of course, is a beloved Chanukah game. (Happy Chanukah, everybody!) First, each player places a chocolate coin in the center. Then, you take turns spinning a four-sided top (the dreidel), obeying the commands that appear on its ides:

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The top functions like a die, with an equal chance of landing on each side—at least, in theory.

The reality is far more sinister.

Fearless and groundbreaking research by Robert and Eva Nemiroff reveals that on the typical dreidel, not all sides are equally likely.

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I quote here from their startling abstract:

all three dreidels tested—a cheap plastic dreidel, an old wooden dreidel, and a dreidel that came embossed with a picture of Santa Claus—were not fair… it is conjectured that hundreds of pounds of chocolate have been distributed during Chanukah under false pretenses.

It I worth asking: Why?

No, not “why does a Jewish toy come embossed with a picture of Santa Claus,” although this too is a vexing matter. I mean: Why is the dreidel unfair?

Is it shoddy craftsmanship?

A manufacturer’s deviousness?

Anti-Chanukah sabotage?

The likeliest answer: none of these. It seems that, across the board, spinning is a poor randomization process. A classic study by three Stanford researchers called Dynamical Bias in the Coin Toss found that spinning coins on a table was less effective for randomization than flipping them through the air.

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One can imagine why. The long duration of a spin, from rapid beginning to wobbly end, allows time enough to amplify a tiny difference in weight distribution. The heavier side falls down. The lighter side lands up. Invisible deviations in density become visible disparities in chocolate allocation.

What’s the solution?

One drastic measure: change randomizers. Use a tetrahedral die, or two coins (with HH, HT, TH, and TT as the four outcomes). But this would remove the dreidel from dreidel. Unacceptable. When a patient comes with chest pains, you don’t yank out her heart.

Instead, I have a different solution: each turn, you spin the dreidel three times, and interpret the outcome according to this table:

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Each row follows the same pattern. It consists of four permutations: one without nun, one without shin, one without he, and one without gimmel. Because order does not affect the probability of a permutation, each row is therefore equally likely.

Via this system, the underlying probabilities of the dreidel itself are rendered irrelevant. Even a grossly asymmetric dreidel can be used to play a fair and balanced game.

Now, is this hyper-complicated? Yes.

Liable to confuse and alienate children? Almost certainly.

Totally unnecessary, given that nobody cares whether the four sides of the dreidel come up with equal likelihood? Perhaps.

But mathematics has never been about “understandable” or “desired.” It has always been about insinuating itself, over all manner of protests, into nostalgic memories and cherished holiday sentiments. And I refuse to let that tradition die.

From Math with Bad Drawings, here.

Those Who Make Divorce Even Worse

12/5/20 – Show 300 – Divorce process; Why is divorce so contentious

December 4, 2020

Is there a better way to get divorced? Best interest of the child? Mediation vs. Arbitration. 

***Guest Hosted by Rabbi Avrohom Kahn *** Founder, Bais Din Vaad Hadin V’horaah, Rav, Congregation Khal New City

with Betzalel Rothstein – Mediator at Shalom Family Mediation – 10:58
with Rabbi Twersky –  Av bais din of Bais din Kav Hayoshor 
 – 20:16
with Rabbi Yitzchock Gruenebaum – Mediator in Monsey – 35:40

מראי מקומות

From Headlines in Halacha, here.

‘Pharisaic’ Site (Hyehudi.org) ‘Retards’ Euphemism Treadmill!

Walter Williams and the Euphemism Treadmill

The great economist, Dr. Walter E. Williams, died today (may he rest in peace).

Some 25 years ago, he used to debate a liberal civil rights activist named Claude Lewis on a local news show in Philadelphia. On one occasion, Lewis referred to Williams as “African American.”  Williams replied, “I’m not African American,” and laughed in his distinctive deep-throated way.

He went on to give a brilliant off the cuff history of the Euphemism Treadmill as it applied to him.

He said he used to be colored. Then he was a negro. Then he was black. Then he was African American. He told Lewis that he stopped at black and decided to get off the merry go round there.

It was delightful and illustrative.

This hypersensitivity to language, where euphemisms themselves become antiquated and considered rude in favor of other euphemisms – becomes downright Orwellian. And it is worse now than it was even when Walter Williams exited the merry go round.

Examples abound.  The word ‘toilet’ fell out of favor because it sounds rude. But it was actually a euphemism for older words. This is why we now have bathrooms with no baths, restrooms with no places to rest, and powder rooms with no powder. We also have generic ‘facilities.’ What confusion for students of English.

Here is a helpful section from Wikipedia with more detail about this very example of the Euphemism Treadmill:

Frequently, over time, euphemisms themselves become taboo words, through the linguistic process of semantic change known as pejoration, which University of Oregon linguist Sharon Henderson Taylor dubbed the “euphemism cycle” in 1974, also frequently referred to as the “euphemism treadmill“. For instance, toilet is an 18th-century euphemism, replacing the older euphemism house-of-office, which in turn replaced the even older euphemisms privy-house and bog-house. The act of human defecation is possibly the most needy candidate for the euphemism in all eras. In the 20th century, where the old euphemisms lavatory (a place where one washes) or toilet (a place where one dresses) had grown from long usage (e.g. in the United States) to synonymous with the crude act they sought to deflect, they were sometimes replaced with bathroom (a place where one bathes) washroom (a place where one washes) or restroom (a place where one rests) or even by the extreme form powder-room (a place where one applies facial cosmetics). The form water closet, which in turn became euphemised to W.C., is a less deflective form.

George Carlin did a routine tracing the history of ‘shell shock’ (WW1) to ‘battle fatigue’ (WW2) to ‘operational exhaustion” (Korea) to ‘post traumatic stress disorder’ (Vietnam).

This language game is also a way for smug, Pharisaic people to show off their sense of superiority to others. I remember when the word ‘Neanderthal’ changed pronunciation, and anyone who pronounced the ‘TH’ sound was, well, a Neanderthal.

The target is constantly moving.  When I was very young, probably about 1970, I made reference to a black guy.  My well-intentioned aunt scolded me and told me to say “colored” instead.  It turns out that she was already well behind the curve to which Dr. Williams referred.  The Overton Window had already closed on her fingers.  The boys in our neighborhood used to play a game called “smear the queer” – which was basically to throw a football around like a rugby ball and tackle and pile on the ball carrier until he gave up the ball.  There were no teams and no score.  I mentioned the game to my mom,   who told me not to say “queer” because it was rude.  Of course, today, the Acronym includes the Q for “Queer.”

The word “gay” is a classic case in point.  We still dust off its older usage when we sing “Deck the Halls.”  “Gay” used to be considered a slur, but it too is now part of the Acronym.

And at some point, Pakistan became Pah-kee-stahn for those in the know, and The Sudan and The Ukraine lost their definite articles among the truly sensitive of our species. It is also trendy to pronounce “Puerto Rico” and “Nicaragua” with a Hispanic accent, but the same people don’t pronounce “Québec” like a native, nor to they speak of getting a direct flight to “Frahnk-foort.”

The rules make no sense and follow no logic.  The word “oriental” – which simply means “eastern” – has become taboo.  Never mind the fact that the Japanese word for Japanese means people of the rising sun (which in Latin, when applied to the compass, is “oriens, orientis“), or that their flag depicts, well, a rising sun.  But “oriental” is okay sometimes.  Oriental people are not okay; oriental rugs are.  Oriental salads are a gray area.  But nobody takes umbrage with the opposite word “occidental” or its literal translation of “western” (though the idea of western civilization itself is under attack).  It’s all very confusing.

Moreover, Frenchman, Englishman, and Irishman are okay; Chinaman is not.  A professor who uses the word “niggardly” may well find himself losing his tenure and his job.  We live in Alice’s Wonderland under the capricious reign of the Queen of Hearts and the linguistic confusion of Humpty Dumpty:

‘I don’t know what you mean by “glory”,’ Alice said.

Humpty Dumpty smiled contemptuously. ‘Of course you don’t — till I tell you. I meant “there’s a nice knock-down argument for you!”‘

‘But “glory” doesn’t mean “a nice knock-down argument”,’ Alice objected.

‘When I use a word,’ Humpty Dumpty said, in rather a scornful tone, ‘it means just what I choose it to mean — neither more nor less.’

‘The question is,’ said Alice, ‘whether you can make words mean so many different things.’

‘The question is,’ said Humpty Dumpty, ‘which is to be master — that’s all.’

These language games are just a merry go round designed to assert a sense of moral superiority over others, a neo-Gnostic “us vs. them” desire for cultish peer acceptance, as well as self-serving outrage – which is the gold standard of the realm in our current culture dominated by Cultural Marxism and the pseudoscience of Intersectionalism.

In 1946, George Orwell addressed the political use of language in his essay “Politics and the English Language.”  And of course, this theme of controlling thought by controlling language is one of the great themes in 1984.

Continue reading…

From LRC, here.

‘Causing a Generation of Children to Not Trust the Police’

Injured minor detained in bed, taken for interrogation

Sunday, November 29, 2020, 11:39 Early Sunday morning, at approximately 5:00, a minor recovering from a traffic accident in which he was injured the previous week was detained in his bed at home in Yitzhar. He required a complicated operation on his arm, which was set in a cast. The policemen ignored the pleas of his parents, who asked them not to detain him due to his medical condition, which includes intense pain, and woke up the entire household. The minor was taken to the police station, interrogated on suspicion of involvement with an incident that occurred several weeks ago, and released after the interrogation.

At the police station the minor complained about his severe pain, but received no response from the policemen. Honenu Attorney Adi Kedar is assisting the minor: “A detention warrant for a minor is a last resort, to be used after all attempts to summon him in an organized manner have been tried, which was not done in this case. The Israeli Police rushed to issue a detention warrant and carried it out at a very early hour of the day, with no consideration for the minor’s sensitive medical condition. It appears that someone is looking for showcase detentions and intimidation, not measured law enforcement according to good judgment. I say, regretfully, that a family in Tel Aviv would have received different treatment. I call on Amir Ohana, the Public Security Minister, to carefully examine what is happening in the Yehuda and Shomron District.”

The minor’s father: “The Israeli Police came to our house in the middle of the night, woke up the entire family, caused a disturbance, and frightened the small children. We explained to them [the policemen] that the boy is recovering from an operation, he has a cast and is under medical care, but they paid no attention. The policemen didn’t listen. They showed total disregard. After several hours he was released. They couldn’t have summoned us in a normal way? For what was all the commotion? The educational damage to our children, the neighbors’ children and all the children in the community is irrevocable. For no reason they are causing a generation of children to not trust the police, not trust the State, and it’s all because of a lack of consideration by the policemen. What a shame.”

From Honenu, here.