הירשם: סיור וירטואלי מדי בוקר בהר הבית בחול המועד

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בסוכות הזה לא רובנו לא יוכלו לעלות להר הבית • ניתן להצטרף ליחידי הסגולה שיעלו להר הבית וללמוד מהם על העליה לרגל במקום התרחשותה • כפות המנעול

אביה פרנקל יום ראשון, ט”ז תשרי ה’תשפ”א

בחול המועד סוכות, בזמן שכולנו נשארים בבית, מדריכי הר הבית הגרים בסמוך לו יהיו שליחים נאמנים עבור כל ישראל בחג סוכות הזה בהלל ובשמחה.

אנחנו מזמינים אתכם להצטרף אל מדריכינו המבקרים בהר הבית ברגל לעליה מודרכת דרך זוּם Zoom!

בכל יום מימי חול המועד!

ימים ראשון עד חמישי, ט”ז -כ’ תשרי (8-4 באוקטובר) בשעה 9:00 בבוקר.

העליה תעסוק בהכנות של הר הבית והמקדש לקראת עולי הרגלים, בשמחת החג, בשירת הלויים והמקדש, בהקפות ובסדר העבודה המיוחד לחג הסוכות.

להרשמה: https://tickchak.co.il/13912.

מחכים לכם בהר הבית!

מאתר חדשות הר הבית, כאן.

Corona Scare [IN ISRAEL] Means Less Early Deaths Overall…

In no way does this article mean to minimize the pain many people have suffered due to Covid-19. It has brought sickness and death to thousands of people. It has caused financial problems, marital problems, and psychological problems. The Covid-19 pandemic is not a laughing matter and we must all observe the medical guidelines and safety procedures. Recently, a Rav I am close with told me how things in his Monsey community have “returned to normal”. He boasted that they have kiddushes and Shalosh Seudas meals together and even “eat from each other’s plates”. Yesterday, he emailed me that he has Covid and asked that I daven for him…
My outlook on this – and things like it – is simple. While I do not ignore the sadness, tragedies, and danger, I try – as best as I can – to see the positive as well. Unfortunately, I am far from being a “Gam Zu Le’Tova” (this too is for the best) guy, but I do try to see the good and focus on it. During this past Shabbat Shuva I pushed myself to see the good in the Covid-19 challenge that Hashem has sent our way… and then I went one step further. I not only want to see the good, I want to thank Hashem for the good!
Therefore, even though we are still extremely far from this being over – and many challenges still lie ahead – I plan on thanking Hashem, on Yom Kippur, for the following 19 things. When a daughter of mine asked me what the connection was to Yom Kippur, I answered the following: Maybe we have to do teshuva for not recognizing these good, positive things. Obviously, Hashem has sent this pandemic for a reason and it will continue until we learn these lessons. Everything our King does has a purpose and a message and if we don’t understand that message… the lesson may still continue. So, dearest friends, let’s stop complaining and start focusing. I don’t have all the answers – and I struggle with many of these things myself – but after 7 months of living with the Covid-19 pandemic, let’s do our best to see the good that has come out of this and ask forgiveness from Hashem for only seeing the bad.

  1. Jewish unity – people have started davening near homes and in parks and for the first time ever, Sefardim, Ashkenazim, Yemenites, and Chabadniks are davening together. All kidding aside; that’s an unbelievable accomplishment!
  2.  Family time – people are home more and spending much more time with the family
  3. My father is home! – I spoke to a teenage boy recently who told me the following: “My father’s usually flying all over the world, but since March he is running his business from home. I feel like I got my father back!”
  4. Pesach like it used to be – with the hotel programs canceled, people actually spent Pesach “the old-fashioned way” and loved it!
  5. More Torah – I don’t know about you, but I am learning more (thanks to Zoom) than ever before. With just one click I attend a daf yomi shiur in Bnei Brak, 2 hours later I am zooming into a shiur in Jerusalem and then 2 hours later I am watching Rav Moshe Weinberger in NY.
  6. Quarantine tzaddikim – Everyone who has been in quarantine told me that they learned Mishnayot, read some good seforim and studied the parsha like never before.
  7. Davening slowly – When shuls were (or still are) closed, we all had to daven at home. At first, this was a major knockout punch but then we all discovered something amazing… The Siddur! We took our time, focused on every word, and concentrated on what we were saying.
  8. The best Rosh Ha’Shana ever! – An 81-year-old friend of mine told me that this Rosh Ha’Shana he davened in the backyard of someone’s home. Everyone (all 20 of them) kept their distance from each other so… “there was no talking, just davening and singing. It was the most beautiful Rosh Hashana davening of my life.” This was his exact quote.
  9. Quiet in shul – For those of us still in shul (while strictly following the rules), the davening has changed for the better. It’s quieter and much more serious. Nobody misses the kiddushes or the big social scene. We are in Hashem’s house and we all feel it.
  10. Downsizing simchas – How many people went into heavy debt just so they could “keep up with the Shwartz’s” and make a fancy wedding for their kids? Not these days! Simple weddings with limited people and guess what? The young couples are as happy as ever.
  11. Taking our health seriously – Avoiding Covid-19 has made us more aware of our health. As a result, most of us have begun living healthier lifestyles. Only good will come from this.
  12. Aliyah applications are up – The Jewish Agency and Nefesh b’Nefesh are reporting major increases in the number of people applying for Aliyah. This is always good news but remember the rule; Come to Israel because you want to, not because you have
  13. Ex-Israelis returning home – Hundreds of thousands of ex-Israelis living all over the world are expected to return to Israel within the next 3 years. This is especially true for those who have been living outside Israel for 10-20 years. Enough is enough… they’re coming home.
  14. Appreciation is up – For people who made Aliyah and are already living in Israel, the “appreciation level” is way up. Yes, we certainly have our challenges here, but we are thankful for dealing with this in Israel and not elsewhere.
  15. Thank you, Teachers! – The Covid challenge has given us a new outlook on teachers. Teaching classes on Zoom or in classrooms with “capsules” or “pods” are far more difficult, yet they do it with tremendous dedication and sacrifice.
  16. Palestinian – When is the last time you heard that fake word? Who cares? They have literally fallen off the radar.
  17. Much less public “chilul Shabbat” – I live on a main street in Israel which, unfortunately, is usually very busy on Shabbat. For the last few weeks, almost no cars… The roads on Rosh Ha’Shana looked like a ghost town, restaurants and malls are closed on Shabbat as well. Think about that.
  18. Less people dying – Although many have died from Covid, the overall death rate in Israel in the last 7 months is lower than ever! I checked the numbers myself with several “Chevra Kadisha” workers who have told me that it’s 100% true… less people have died in Mar-Sept 2020 than in the same period in the last 10 years!
  19. And finally, to end this list with some humor; I thank Hashem that the pandemic is called Covid-19 and not Covid-27 because I am out of ideas!!

All kidding aside, as we enter the holiest day of the year, let’s ask Hashem to forgive us for not seeing the good and positive in these challenging times. Let’s convince ourselves, and our Father and King, that we have learned the lessons and have internalized their messages… so that there’s no need for this to continue. G’mar chatima tova to one and all!

רבנות משועבדת לשונאי יהדות – התוצאות

 בוקר טוב אליהו / הרב אליהו קאופמן

ח”כ בצלאל סמוטרי’ץ וחבריו – מהימין הדתי – לאומי, זועקים “גיוועלד” כנגד פסיקתו של בית המשפט הישראלי נגד הרב שמואל אליהו, “רבה של צפת”. אבל כול זועקי האימים הללו – על כיפותיהם הסרוגות, שוכחים כי בדיוק לפני מאה שנה בדיוק נתנו רבותיהם את הסכמתם לכך שמערכת חילונית, ואף אנטי דתית, תהיה זו שתחליט עבור הדת היהודית כיצד יראו פנייה ואיזה דברים דתיים יהיו מותרים לומר ואלו יהיו אסורים לומר. אז במקום להתבכיין אולי מוטב לדתיים הלאומיים שיודו כי “הרבנות הממלכתית” ו”חזון תנועת “המזרחי” פשטו את הרגל ועכשיו הם פשוט רק פושטים את ידם לרחמים של “דמעות תנין”…

לכאורה הייתה צריכה להיות עמדתי – בפרשת העמדתו לדין של הרב שמואל אליהו מצפת, עמדה חד משמעית לטובת זכותו, כרב, לומר את אשר הוא מפרש ומבין ויודע כ”דברי תורה” וכ”הלכה פסוקה”. למרות שבעניין דבריו על הערבים אני חולק על גישתו התורתית – הנובעת ממיזוג היהדות עם הציונות והלאומנות הנכרית, הרי שאין לי ספק שאסור לסתום פיות להשקפות תורתיות שונות, בכול הויכוח על ההלכה והיהדות בדורנו. אבל…

האבל ההיסטורי

ה”אבל” שלי קשור למה שקרה בדיוק לפני מאה שנה. רבי שמואל אליהו – בנו של הרב הגאון מרדכי אליהו, ונצר לנכדי הגאונים מבבל, הכניס את עצמו מראש למלכוד שאותו זיהו גדולי ישראל של שנת תרפ”א, כאשר הוקמה ה”רבנות הראשית לישראל” ע”י התנועה הציונית החילונית והאנטי דתית, בחסות כידוני הנכרים הבריטים. סיום מלחמת העולם הראשונה הביא לתחילה הפגיעה במוסד הרבנות האמיתית בארץ ישראל, לאחר ארבע שנות מלחמה ואי סדר של מלחמה עולמית, שבעקבותיה באו הבריטים במקומם של הטורקים. שלוש שנים לאחר שהבריטים כבר שלטו היטב בארץ הקודש – והמיעוט הציוני והחילוני הפך בקרב היהודים לשליט מטעם השלטון החדש, הוקמה גם “המערכת הדתית” החדשה של הישוב היהודי, ישן כחדש. אם בימי הטורקים הייתה לדת היהודית את האוטונומיה – ואפילו את העצמאות שלה, למשול דתית עפ”י תורת ישראל, הרי שבימי הבריטים הכול השתנה, והיה אפילו יכול להיות גרוע יותר אלמלא הישוב הישן עמד על רגליו האחוריות. אם את האינטרס של התנועה הציונית האנטי דתית אפשר היה לקלוט מלכתחילה – בניסיון ליצור מערכת “דתית” מטעמם, הרי שיש להוסיף כאן מספר שורות על המערכת הבריטית עצמה. הטורקים שמשלו כאלף וחמש מאות שנה בארץ ישראל חיו תמיד תחת משטר מוסלמי משל עצמם, שהיה נטוע וטבעי בחברתם ולכן הם גם הבינו את רצון העצמאות הדתי של רבני ישראל – ובראשם “הראשון לציון”, הרב הכולל של ארץ ישראל, שהיה ממוצא ספרדי. הם גם הבינו את חשיבות אי התערבותם בחיי הדת של היהודים בכלל, כולל של היהודים האשכנזים, שבמשך הדורות הגיעו לארץ הקודש, על רבניהם העצמאיים. מנגד, הרי שבריטניה ורוסיה היו שתי המדינות היחידות באירופה – שקרוב לאלפיים שנה, כופפו את המערכת הדתית לצרכי המדינה ולצרכי המלכות החילונית שלהם. ברוסיה זה החל בראשות הצארים – ובראשם יקתרינה הגדולה, והמשיך לימים במיוחד ע”י הקומוניסטים הבולשביקים ואילו בבריטניה עשו זאת מלכי אנגליה. הכנסייה בבריטניה לא השתייכה לעולם הקתולי, ולימים גם לא השתייכה גם לעולם הרפורמטי שקם אח”כ, ולא היה לה קשר עם האורתודוכסיה הפרוסלאבית ו/או היוונית. המלכים האנגלים קבעו את דרכה של הכנסייה בארצם, הם התערבו בחוקיה, ובמיוחד הם מינו את ראשייה. לא לחינם נקראה הכנסייה בבריטניה בשם “הכנסייה האנגליקנית”. לפיכך הרי שלבריטים לא הייתה זרה בקשת הציונות החילונית לפרק את ההנהגה הדתית הישנה של הישוב האשכנזי הישן, ועימה גם לבטל את תפקיד “הראשון לציון”, הספרדי. שלוש שנים ניסו בני הישוב הישן – אשכנזים כספרדים, לבטל את רוע הגזירה, אבל בשנת תרפ”א היא נחתה עליהם, אם כי במינון פשרני מסוים, ממה שרצו מלכתחילה ראשי הציונות, ובראשם חיים ויצמן, האיש שגדל מדינית והשקפתית בבריטניה. לא רק שהבריטים עמדו לצד הציונות – במאבק האנטי דת הזה, אלא שראשיהם בארץ ישראל היו יהודים בריטיים בעצמם, כאלה שגדלו והתחנכו במדינה היחידה באירופה של אז, שלא הייתה בה יהדות ומסורת תורתית. כאלה היו קולונל קיש, הרברט סמואל, נורמן בנטובי’ץ וחבריהם. כול הסיפור הזה שווה מאמר מחקרי בפני עצמו אבל הסיפא היה שהוקמה “רבנות” מטעם הציבור החילוני עם פיקוח של שלושה “יועצים” חילוניים ועם בוחרים חילוניים, ואף אנטי דתיים, כדי להחליט עבור הדתיים כיצד ישנו את דתם.

האיש שידע מראש את “חוקי המשחק”

הרב שמואל אליהו – עם כול הכבוד לכך שגדל על ברכי אביו – גדול דור בפני עצמו, ידע שהוא נכנס לכהן ב”רבנות” שתהיה כפופה לבית המשפט החילוני, שבו יושבים לא מעט אנטי דתיים בנשמתם. הרב שמואל אליהו ידע מראש כי אמירותיו ופסקיו יוגבלו ע”י השלטון החילוני, והוא נתן לכך את הסכמתו, מיד משנכנס למערכת הזו, ע”י כניסתו אליה. הייתה לו אפשרות אחרת כמובן – כמו למשל “העדה החרדית” מירושלים, שלבסוף (עם הקמת “הרבנות הרשית לישראל”) קיבלה מהבריטים אוטונומיה מ”הרבנות הראשית”. אי לכך הרי שדייני “העדה החרדית”, ועימם בתי הדין החרדיים הפרטיים, אינם “עובדי מדינה” הכפופים לחוקי תקשי”ר חילוניים, ולכן הללו יכולים לומר ולפסוק את מה שהם רואים בכנות, כפירושם ופסיקתם מהתורה ומהיהדות. אבל הרב שמואל אליהו – בנו של “רב ראשי” לשעבר, ידע היטב למי הוא כפוף ומי משלם את משכורתו, ושמזמן “רב ממלכתי” איננו עצמאי באמת משום שבכניסתו למערכת ה”ממלכתית” הוא ויתר מראש על עצמאותו ועל כפיפותו לחוקי התורה והדת בלבד. לצערי הרב, אני חייב להודות שבית המשפט החילוני צודק באשר לפסיקתו נגד הרב שמואל אליהו, שכמו רבנים דתיים לאומיים כמותו הם שוב ושוב פוסחים על שני הסעיפים וחושבים לאכול את ה”עוגה הממלכתית” וגם להשאירה שלימה. כאשר הציבור הדתי – לאומי קשר את עצמו ל”רבנות הממלכתית” ולמדינה הציונית הוא היה צריך להבין כי זו מחירה של הסכמה להפוך יהדות לדמוקרטיה נכרית ושום ניסיון ל”שבירת כלים” לא יגשימו לציבור הזה את החלום הדמיוני שלו, לכפות את דעותיו גם כשהוא מיעוט, עפ”י אותם חלומות קדומים והזויים של ראשיו ורבניו שמכרו את בכורת היהדות עבור נזיד העדשים הפוליטי.

העוקץ שבפסיקת בית המשפט

יש לציין שלא במקרה נפסק מה שנפסק בבית המשפט נגד הרב שמואל אליהו. בעוד פחות משלוש שנים תתקיימנה הבחירות ל”רב הראשי לישראל” – והפעם יבחר רק רב אחד בלבד, ויותר ממישהו היה מעוניין שהרב שמואל אליהו לא יהיה מועמד לתפקיד הזה, מעצם עצמאותו היתרה. אביו של הרב שמואל אליהו – הגר”מ אליהו זצ”ל, ידע להיזהר בדבריו והגיע לתפקיד של “הרב הראשי לישראל”, אבל בנו, הרב שמואל אליהו, הצליח באמירותיו המקוממות לתת למתנגדיו את החבל המשפטי שבו ישתמשו כדי למנוע ממנו להיות המועמד ל”רב הראשי לישראל” הבא.

מאתר יורה דעה, כאן.

Rabbi Yitzchok Dovid Smith’s Corona Halacha MANIFESTO

Exposing the Lies We’ve Been Told About Covid, Shutting Shuls, Supposed “Upticks” and More

By Rabbi Yitzchok Dovid Smith

September 17, 2020

Download PDF version

Rabbi Yitzchok Dovid Smith
Passaic Park, New Jersey
(973) 771–6503
PassaicClarity@gmail.com
By the Grace of G-d
10 Elul 5780
August 30, 2020

L’chvod* HaRosh HaYeshiva, Rabbonim[1], Members of the Passaic-Clifton COVID-19 Task Force[2], Members of the Medical Committee of the Passaic-Clifton COVID-19 Task Force[3], Shlita[4]:

Sholom u’vrocho,

It is imperative that this community be restored to a rightful setting where Torah is paramount, and individuals are respected.

In the ongoing debates about masks and coronavirus vaccines, I suggest that the masks and the prospect of vaccines are a valid concern but still is a distraction.  The real issue is that the government has decreed who is essential and who is not essential.  Essential people can make a living.  Those decreed non-essential cannot make a living and either starve or become a ward of the state.  There is no basis or definition in any law, just decrees.  The fact that the Jews are not singled out is no comfort – this is war against humanity.  The danger of such decrees cannot be overstated, and they must be rejected.[5]

There is no place in Torah for a Jewish community to be governed by a committee of medical doctors.  Nor by an unelected committee composed of Rabbonim, politicians and doctors.

The concept of a doctor in Torah, and the permission to heal, is based on a personal relationship between a doctor and an individual patient where the doctor is both an expert in a relevant disease and knows the patient personally.  Such a doctor is a doctor that a Rov has permission to listen to and to take into consideration the medical insights of the doctor as to that patient.  However, a doctor cannot make decrees for a community of individuals that he has never met, or knows nothing of their health, and/or regarding a disease that he has no personal experience with.

Civilization is going through the writhing pangs of the establishment of public health supremacy which intends to overrule all other considerations, including Torah.  Public health is not ‘refuah’ in Torah.  Public health is not a substitute for Torah.

In Round One of the Public Health decrees, the Rabbonim were overwhelmed with pressuring doctors and threats of ventilator shortages[6] and news reports of hospitalizations and deaths and not given proper access to evaluate the metzius hadevorim and innocently made decisions accordingly.  But there has now been plenty of time to become knowledgeable and there remains time to use the remaining days and weeks to become knowledgeable.

A Rov must educate himself in the metzius hadeovrim.  He must also educate himself in the skills necessary to understand and evaluate the metzius hadevorim. For example, in the current situation, a Rov must learn basic statistics and understand a numerator and a denominator and the elements that contribute to the increase and decrease of each of those and what effect that has on such output numbers as infection rates and mortality rates.  Just as a Rov cannot make a ruling in industrial kashrus without taking the time to investigate and understand modern food production methodologies, so too a Rov cannot merely ratify the recommendations of a doctor or a group of doctors who have been trained and influenced in universities and training programs to further the public health program.[7]

Furthermore, a Rov must investigate alternative viewpoints.  Science is predicated upon a process of hypothesis and challenge.  It is impossible to claim that a decision is made based on ‘science’ if no challenge is allowed or investigated.  Just as a Dayan cannot make a ruling without hearing the opposing side, decrees cannot be made upon the people, if they can be made at all, without a thorough investigation as to whether Torah and the metzius hadevorim support such a decree.

A Rov must research and understand the cruel history of public health and its methods and goals.  That is part of the metzius hadevorim.

Continue reading…

From Emes News, here.

How to Make TORAH Discoveries (lehavdil)

The Bus Ticket Theory Of Genius

November 2019

Everyone knows that to do great work you need both natural ability and determination. But there’s a third ingredient that’s not as well understood: an obsessive interest in a particular topic.

To explain this point I need to burn my reputation with some group of people, and I’m going to choose bus ticket collectors. There are people who collect old bus tickets. Like many collectors, they have an obsessive interest in the minutiae of what they collect. They can keep track of distinctions between different types of bus tickets that would be hard for the rest of us to remember. Because we don’t care enough. What’s the point of spending so much time thinking about old bus tickets?

Which leads us to the second feature of this kind of obsession: there is no point. A bus ticket collector’s love is disinterested. They’re not doing it to impress us or to make themselves rich, but for its own sake.

When you look at the lives of people who’ve done great work, you see a consistent pattern. They often begin with a bus ticket collector’s obsessive interest in something that would have seemed pointless to most of their contemporaries. One of the most striking features of Darwin’s book about his voyage on the Beagle is the sheer depth of his interest in natural history. His curiosity seems infinite. Ditto for Ramanujan, sitting by the hour working out on his slate what happens to series.

It’s a mistake to think they were “laying the groundwork” for the discoveries they made later. There’s too much intention in that metaphor. Like bus ticket collectors, they were doing it because they liked it.

But there is a difference between Ramanujan and a bus ticket collector. Series matter, and bus tickets don’t.

If I had to put the recipe for genius into one sentence, that might be it: to have a disinterested obsession with something that matters.

Aren’t I forgetting about the other two ingredients? Less than you might think. An obsessive interest in a topic is both a proxy for ability and a substitute for determination. Unless you have sufficient mathematical aptitude, you won’t find series interesting. And when you’re obsessively interested in something, you don’t need as much determination: you don’t need to push yourself as hard when curiosity is pulling you.

An obsessive interest will even bring you luck, to the extent anything can. Chance, as Pasteur said, favors the prepared mind, and if there’s one thing an obsessed mind is, it’s prepared.

The disinterestedness of this kind of obsession is its most important feature. Not just because it’s a filter for earnestness, but because it helps you discover new ideas.

The paths that lead to new ideas tend to look unpromising. If they looked promising, other people would already have explored them. How do the people who do great work discover these paths that others overlook? The popular story is that they simply have better vision: because they’re so talented, they see paths that others miss. But if you look at the way great discoveries are made, that’s not what happens. Darwin didn’t pay closer attention to individual species than other people because he saw that this would lead to great discoveries, and they didn’t. He was just really, really interested in such things.

Darwin couldn’t turn it off. Neither could Ramanujan. They didn’t discover the hidden paths that they did because they seemed promising, but because they couldn’t help it. That’s what allowed them to follow paths that someone who was merely ambitious would have ignored.

What rational person would decide that the way to write great novels was to begin by spending several years creating an imaginary elvish language, like Tolkien, or visiting every household in southwestern Britain, like Trollope? No one, including Tolkien and Trollope.

The bus ticket theory is similar to Carlyle’s famous definition of genius as an infinite capacity for taking pains. But there are two differences. The bus ticket theory makes it clear that the source of this infinite capacity for taking pains is not infinite diligence, as Carlyle seems to have meant, but the sort of infinite interest that collectors have. It also adds an important qualification: an infinite capacity for taking pains about something that matters.

So what matters? You can never be sure. It’s precisely because no one can tell in advance which paths are promising that you can discover new ideas by working on what you’re interested in.

But there are some heuristics you can use to guess whether an obsession might be one that matters. For example, it’s more promising if you’re creating something, rather than just consuming something someone else creates. It’s more promising if something you’re interested in is difficult, especially if it’s more difficult for other people than it is for you. And the obsessions of talented people are more likely to be promising. When talented people become interested in random things, they’re not truly random.

But you can never be sure. In fact, here’s an interesting idea that’s also rather alarming if it’s true: it may be that to do great work, you also have to waste a lot of time.

In many different areas, reward is proportionate to risk. If that rule holds here, then the way to find paths that lead to truly great work is to be willing to expend a lot of effort on things that turn out to be every bit as unpromising as they seem.

I’m not sure if this is true. On one hand, it seems surprisingly difficult to waste your time so long as you’re working hard on something interesting. So much of what you do ends up being useful. But on the other hand, the rule about the relationship between risk and reward is so powerful that it seems to hold wherever risk occurs. Newton’s case, at least, suggests that the risk/reward rule holds here. He’s famous for one particular obsession of his that turned out to be unprecedentedly fruitful: using math to describe the world. But he had two other obsessions, alchemy and theology, that seem to have been complete wastes of time. He ended up net ahead. His bet on what we now call physics paid off so well that it more than compensated for the other two. But were the other two necessary, in the sense that he had to take big risks to make such big discoveries? I don’t know.

Here’s an even more alarming idea: might one make all bad bets? It probably happens quite often. But we don’t know how often, because these people don’t become famous.

It’s not merely that the returns from following a path are hard to predict. They change dramatically over time. 1830 was a really good time to be obsessively interested in natural history. If Darwin had been born in 1709 instead of 1809, we might never have heard of him.

What can one do in the face of such uncertainty? One solution is to hedge your bets, which in this case means to follow the obviously promising paths instead of your own private obsessions. But as with any hedge, you’re decreasing reward when you decrease risk. If you forgo working on what you like in order to follow some more conventionally ambitious path, you might miss something wonderful that you’d otherwise have discovered. That too must happen all the time, perhaps even more often than the genius whose bets all fail.

The other solution is to let yourself be interested in lots of different things. You don’t decrease your upside if you switch between equally genuine interests based on which seems to be working so far. But there is a danger here too: if you work on too many different projects, you might not get deeply enough into any of them.

One interesting thing about the bus ticket theory is that it may help explain why different types of people excel at different kinds of work. Interest is much more unevenly distributed than ability. If natural ability is all you need to do great work, and natural ability is evenly distributed, you have to invent elaborate theories to explain the skewed distributions we see among those who actually do great work in various fields. But it may be that much of the skew has a simpler explanation: different people are interested in different things.

The bus ticket theory also explains why people are less likely to do great work after they have children. Here interest has to compete not just with external obstacles, but with another interest, and one that for most people is extremely powerful. It’s harder to find time for work after you have kids, but that’s the easy part. The real change is that you don’t want to.

But the most exciting implication of the bus ticket theory is that it suggests ways to encourage great work. If the recipe for genius is simply natural ability plus hard work, all we can do is hope we have a lot of ability, and work as hard as we can. But if interest is a critical ingredient in genius, we may be able, by cultivating interest, to cultivate genius.

For example, for the very ambitious, the bus ticket theory suggests that the way to do great work is to relax a little. Instead of gritting your teeth and diligently pursuing what all your peers agree is the most promising line of research, maybe you should try doing something just for fun. And if you’re stuck, that may be the vector along which to break out.

I’ve always liked Hamming’s famous double-barrelled question: what are the most important problems in your field, and why aren’t you working on one of them? It’s a great way to shake yourself up. But it may be overfitting a bit. It might be at least as useful to ask yourself: if you could take a year off to work on something that probably wouldn’t be important but would be really interesting, what would it be?

The bus ticket theory also suggests a way to avoid slowing down as you get older. Perhaps the reason people have fewer new ideas as they get older is not simply that they’re losing their edge. It may also be because once you become established, you can no longer mess about with irresponsible side projects the way you could when you were young and no one cared what you did.

The solution to that is obvious: remain irresponsible. It will be hard, though, because the apparently random projects you take up to stave off decline will read to outsiders as evidence of it. And you yourself won’t know for sure that they’re wrong. But it will at least be more fun to work on what you want.

It may even be that we can cultivate a habit of intellectual bus ticket collecting in kids. The usual plan in education is to start with a broad, shallow focus, then gradually become more specialized. But I’ve done the opposite with my kids. I know I can count on their school to handle the broad, shallow part, so I take them deep.

When they get interested in something, however random, I encourage them to go preposterously, bus ticket collectorly, deep. I don’t do this because of the bus ticket theory. I do it because I want them to feel the joy of learning, and they’re never going to feel that about something I’m making them learn. It has to be something they’re interested in. I’m just following the path of least resistance; depth is a byproduct. But if in trying to show them the joy of learning I also end up training them to go deep, so much the better.

Will it have any effect? I have no idea. But that uncertainty may be the most interesting point of all. There is so much more to learn about how to do great work. As old as human civilization feels, it’s really still very young if we haven’t nailed something so basic. It’s exciting to think there are still discoveries to make about discovery. If that’s the sort of thing you’re interested in.

Continue reading…

From Paul Graham, here.